Legal Drinking Age free essay sample

The social, health and emotional problems associated with alcohol abuse have led some politicians and commentators to suggest that the legal drinking age should be raised from 18 years to 21 years. Do you agree? Give reasons and supporting evidence for your answer. The issue of whether Australia should raise the legal drinking age to twenty-one or keep it at eighteen is a widely debated topic, this essay will educate and argue points in favour of the drinking age being raised. write my essay for me Alcohol is the most widely consumed drug in the world (Shannon 2002), and is the most prevailing drug used by Australian high school students (Yalom 1996). In Australia, it is illegal for people under the age of eighteen to buy, receive, possess, or drink alcohol in a hotel or other public place such as streets, parks and beaches (Shannon 2002). Reducing alcohol consumption by young people through a raise in the drinking age should be a priority for the Australian community and government. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Drinking Age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay will attempt to argue three main points in favour of the Australian legal alcohol drinking age being raised from eighteen years to twenty-one years. Firstly, the dangerously close ages of legally consuming alcohol and legally driving a motor vehicle; secondly, the health issues related to the consumption of alcohol amongst young people; and thirdly, some positive points that have come from the United States after the drinking age was raised from eighteen to twenty-one. In Australia, a person can, at the earliest, gain their drivers licence at the age of seventeen; only one year before s/he can legally consume alcohol. Drink driving is one of the greatest problems caused by alcohol. Biddulph (2003), states that drivers under the influence of alcohol suffer from impaired vision, perception, judgement, and reaction due to the effect on the central nervous system that alcohol has. Biddulph also states that due to slower reaction times, limited coordination, and lack of attentiveness, which are all crucial to driving, young drivers become increasingly prone to being injured or even killed in a car accident. A report by the National Drug Research Institute in 2000 found that alcohol was involved in one third of all serious car accidents in Australia, causing more than 400 road deaths and 7700 serious road injuries on average per year (Shannon 2002, page 14). Car accidents caused by drivers under the influence do not always end in the driver being injured or killed, many times the lives of innocent people are ruined because of another person’s foolishness and lack of awareness. The penalties received for driving under the influence may be harsh, but they are relatively insignificant when compared to the costs in lives of many accidents caused by drink drivers. By raising the drinking age to twenty-one, the Australian government would be protecting the people most likely to suffer from alcohol related harm, because the likelihood of people contributing to such harm would have been lowered. Young people will become more experienced, safer drivers on the roads and be less tempted to drive after consuming alcohol, which will, in turn, lower the number of possible accidents on Australian roads through the act of raising the legal drinking age in Australia to twenty-one. As well as the issues involved with driving under the influence, there are many health issues that come with drinking alcohol at a young age. Shannon (2002) explains that younger people do not have enough experience with alcohol to know how much is too much, which is why many young people result in getting intoxicated and drunk at social gatherings. By drinking too much alcohol, which many people around 17-19 do, great strain is put on the organs in a body, especially the liver and the brain. Scientists have told us that the brain does not finish developing until a person is twenty years of age; the final part of the brain to develop is the part that makes responsible judgements (Shannon 2002). Through drinking alcohol at the young age of eighteen, critical brain development is damaged and irresponsible choices and judgements will most probably result. By raising the drinking age to twenty-one, the brain is able to fully develop every part, ensuring a healthy future. Other health issues directly related to drinking at a young age include a loss of memory, a poor school performance, and possible injuries and mortalities. When young people drink excessively, they will begin to notice a decreasing level of memory. Biddulph (2003) tells us that up to ten per cent of a person’s memory can be lost within a given period. Memory loss is the most noticeable complaint of young people. At age seventeen a person graduates from their last year of high school; in the year of s/he turning eighteen they begin their further studies at university or TAFE. The average time spent doing further education is approximately four years, from eighteen to the year a person turns twenty-one. During these vital first years of further education, under the current drinking law, a person has the freedom to be under the influence of alcohol, harming the brains development and also creating a loss of memory, neither of which would help a person undergoing further studying. Additionally, alcohol can also be directly related to a poor school performance by a person. This is because a poor performance academic wise has been linked with young alcohol abuse (Biddulph 2003). Alcohol decreases a student’s ability to consistently meet the rigors of school work, because alcohol abuse clouds a person’s mental capacities and influences motivation and attitudes about achievement. Thirdly, alcohol can ignite possible injuries and mortalities. A study shows that alcohol caused more than 100,000 deaths annually, and one person every two minutes is injured in an alcohol related accident in the United States (Biddulph 2003). As alcohol consumption increases, so to does the likelihood of traffic accidents, deaths, and criminal violence. Healey (2007) states that â€Å"Young people engaged in more risky behaviours when they drink, 25% of people aged 18-24 experienced alcohol related injuries, compared to 18% of adults†. He also found that â€Å"50% of cases of domestic, physical and sexual violence† amongst young people were due to being under the influence of alcohol (page 37). By raising the legal drinking age, young people will be supported in their studies, helping them in the long run both academically and physically in relation to their health. The third major point in favour of a raised drinking age are the positives that have come from the United States after they raised the legal age from eighteen to twenty-one. Drinking alcohol should be delayed for as long as possible, this is because the older teenagers are before starting to drink, the less likely they are to use alcohol excessively. Initially, the United States’ main aim of raising the legal drinking age was to reduce the serious consequences that alcohol has on youth, which in Lenk (2009)’s opinion, has been a success. By raising the drinking age to an age of greater maturity, alcohol abuse is decreased. Evidence from the United States shows us that lowering the legal drinking age increased consumption as well as related problems; while increasing the drinking age has reduced problems and ultimately saved the lives of many young people (Lenk 2009). Given that young Australian lives are at risk, we cannot afford to forget what a cost to America an eighteen drinking age was and how much of a success a raised twenty-one years drinking age was. George Santayana (historian) once said â€Å"Those who cannot remember their past are condemned to repeat it† (Lenk 2009, page 7). In conclusion, the physical consequences and health problems surrounded by consuming alcohol in addition to the proven success of the United States raised legal drinking age has proved that Australia too should raise the legal drinking age to twenty-one years. Through the evidence provided it is clear that a person’s health can be greatly damaged permanently because at the age of eighteen, a person’s body is not fully developed or capable of taking large amounts of alcohol when compared to a person at the age of twenty-one who has greater maturity levels, more life experience, and a fully developed brain as well as other organs. At age eighteen, a person has a greater vulnerability to alcohol and its effects, leaving them more likely to indulge in risky behaviour. Therefore, to protect not only the lives of Australia’s youth, but also of all Australians, raising the drinking age to twenty-one years of age is the best choice to make as it comes with more positives than an eighteen legal alcohol consumption age does. Reference list Biddulph, S. (2003). Alcohol: What’s a parent to believe? Minnesota: Hazelden. Pp:34, 37-39. Healey, J. (2007). Alcohol abuse. Australia: The Spinney Press. Pp: 1, 3, 11-13, 19, 27-31. Lenk, L. Nelson, T. Toomey, T. The age-21 minimum legal drinking age. Policy case studies Pp: 1, 7. Doi: 10. 1111/j. 1360-04 43. 2009. 027 42. x Shannon, M. (2002). Drugs in Australia: alcohol. Australia: Binara Publishing Pty Ltd. Pp:4-16. Yalom, I. (1996). Treating adolescents. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Pp: 77-78.

Arnolds Expedition to Quebec during the American Revolution

Arnolds Expedition to Quebec during the American Revolution Arnold Expedition - Conflict Dates: The Arnold Expedition took place from September to November 1775 during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Arnold Expedition - Army Commander: Colonel Benedict Arnold1,100 men Arnold Expedition - Background: Following their capture of Fort Ticonderoga in May 1775, Colonels Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen approached the Second Continental Congress with arguments in favor of invading Canada.   They felt this a prudent course as all of Quebec was held by around 600 regulars and intelligence indicated that the French-speaking population would be favorably inclined towards the Americans.   Additionally, they pointed out that Canada could serve as a platform for British operations down Lake Champlain and the Hudson Valley.   These arguments were initially rebuffed as Congress expressed concern over angering the residents of Quebec.   As the military situation shifted that summer, this decision was reversed and Congress directed Major General Philip Schuyler of New York to advance north via the Lake Champlain-Richelieu River corridor. Unhappy that he had not been chosen to lead the invasion, Arnold traveled north to Boston and met with General George Washington whose army was conducting a siege of the city.   During their meeting, Arnold proposed taking a second invasion force north via Maines Kennebec River, Lake Mà ©gantic, and Chaudià ¨re River.   This would then unite with Schuyler for a combined assault on Quebec City.   Corresponding with Schuyler, Washington obtained the New Yorkers agreement with Arnolds proposal and gave the colonel permission to commence planning the operation.   To transport the expedition, Reuben Colburn was contracted to build a fleet of bateaux (shallow draft boats) in Maine. Arnold Expedition - Preparations: For the expedition, Arnold selected a force of 750 volunteers which was divided into two battalions led by Lieutenant Colonels Roger Enos and Christopher Greene.   This was augmented by companies of riflemen led by Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Morgan.   Numbering around 1,100 men, Arnold expected his command to be able to cover the 180 miles from Fort Western (Augusta, ME) to Quebec in around twenty days.   This estimate was based on a rough map of the route developed by Captain  John Montresor in 1760/61.   Though Montresor was a skilled military engineer, his map lacked detail and possessed inaccuracies.   Having gathered supplies, Arnolds command moved to Newburyport, MA where it embarked for the Kennebec River on September 19.   Ascending the river, it arrived at Colburns home in Gardiner the next day. Coming ashore, Arnold was disappointed in the bateaux constructed by Colburns men.   Smaller than anticipated, they were also built from green wood as sufficient dried pine had not been available.   Briefly pausing to permit additional bateaux to be assembled, Arnold dispatched parties north to Forts Western and Halifax.   Moving upstream, the bulk of the expedition reached Fort Western by September 23.   Departing two days later, Morgans men took the lead while Colburn followed the expedition with a group of boatwrights to make repairs as necessary.   Though the force reached the last settlement on the Kennebec,  Norridgewock Falls, on October 2,  problems were already widespread as the green wood led to the bateaux leaking badly which in turn destroyed food and supplies.   Similarly, worsening weather caused health issues throughout the expedition.   Ã‚         Arnold Expedition - Trouble in the Wilderness: Forced to portage the bateaux around Norridgewock Falls, the expedition was delayed for a week due to the effort required to move the boats overland.   Pushing on, Arnold and his men entered the Dead River before arriving at the Great Carrying Place on October 11.   This portage around an unnavigable stretch of the river stretched for twelve miles and included an elevation gain of around 1,000 feet.   Progress continued to be slow and supplies became an increasing concern.   Returning to the river on October 16, the expedition, with Morgans men in the lead, battled heavy rains and a strong current as it pushed upstream.   A week later, disaster struck when several bateaux carrying provisions overturned.   Calling a council of war, Arnold decided to press on and dispatched a small force north to attempt to secure supplies in Canada.   Also, the sick and injured were sent south. Trailing behind Morgan, Greenes and Enos battalions increasingly suffered from a lack of provisions and were reduced to eating shoe leather and candle wax.   While Greenes men resolved to continue, Enos captains voted to turn back.   As a result, around 450 men departed the expedition.   Nearing the height of land, the weaknesses of Montresors maps became apparent and the lead elements of the column repeatedly became lost.   After several missteps, Arnold finally reached  Lake Mà ©gantic on October 27 and began descending the upper Chaudià ¨re a day later.   Having achieved this goal, a scout was sent back to Greene with directions through the region.   These proved inaccurate and a further two days were lost.    Arnold Expedition - Final Miles: Encountering the local population on October 30, Arnold distributed a letter from Washington asking them to assist the expedition.   Joined on the river by the bulk of his force the next day, he received food and care for his sick from those in the area.   Meeting Jacques Parent, a resident of Pointe-Levi, Arnold learned that the British were aware of his approach and had ordered all boats on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River to be destroyed.   Moving down the  Chaudià ¨re, the Americans arrived at Pointe-Levi, across from Quebec City, on November 9.   Of Arnolds original force of 1,100 men, around 600 remained.   Though he had believed the route to be around 180 miles, in actuality it had totaled approximately 350. Arnold Expedition - Aftermath: Concentrating his force at the mill of John Halstead, a New Jersey-born businessman, Arnold began making plans for crossing the St. Lawrence.   Purchasing canoes from the locals, the Americans crossed on the night of November 13/14 and were successful in evading two British warships in the river.   Approaching the city on November 14, Arnold demanded its garrison surrender.   Leading a force consisting of around 1,050 men, many of which were raw militia, Lieutenant Colonel Allen Maclean refused.   Short on supplies, with his men in poor condition, and lacking artillery, Arnold withdrew to  Pointe-aux-Trembles five days later to await reinforcements. On December 3, Brigadier General Richard Montgomery, who had replaced an ill Schuyler, arrived with around 300 men.   Though he had moved up Lake Champlain with a larger force and captured Fort St. Jean on the  Richelieu River, Montgomery had been forced to leave many of his men as garrisons at Montreal and elsewhere along the route north.   Assessing the situation, the two American commanders decided to assault Quebec City on the night of December 30/31.   Moving forward, they were repelled with heavy losses in the Battle of Quebec and Montgomery was killed.   Rallying the remaining troops, Arnold attempted to lay siege to the city. This proved increasingly ineffective as men began to depart with the expiration of their enlistments. Though he was reinforced, Arnold was compelled to retreat following the arrival of 4,000 British troops under Major General John Burgoyne. After being beaten at Trois-Rivià ¨res on June 8, 1776, the Americans were forced to retreat back into N ew York, ending the invasion of Canada.      Ã‚         Selected Sources: Arnold Expedition Historical SocietyArnolds Expedition to QuebecMaine Encyclopedia: Arnold Expedition

Human motivation midterm essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human motivation midterm essays - Essay Example It explains human behavior as it is supposed to be an inborn tendency that directs it. Along with need theories learning theories it bore traces of Darwinian concepts. The problem with the instinct theories is that it ignores the interaction between an individual and an environment. According to Landy and Conte (2006), this is the reason why the need theories replaced it in popularity. Citing Maslow’s notion, they explained that need theory is an improvement over the former because it allowed for the environment to play a role in motivated behavior by suggesting that when one set of needs was satisfied by external forces, the next higher set of needs are activated. (p. 334) The person as â€Å"godlike† is one concept shared by cognitive, learning and humanistic theories of motivations. Here, there is an assumption that humans are rational and that there is a faculty of discernment when it comes to actions - its results and its relationship to goal-attainment. Each of these theories is universal in terms of their notion of rationality, their ideas of the human body as well as its needs. Furthermore, the traces of Freudian and Darwinian influences in these theories reinforce their appeal in this regard. The theory of obesity is mostly confined to the cognitive categories in theorizing human motivations. Barbara Dossey enumerated what the theories focus on: overeating behaviors as totally determined by learned responses; negative self-talk that triggers the desire to eat and overeat; negative body images that can contaminate self-concept to drive overeating behaviors; as well as the self-monitoring and response control as a way of correcting it. (p. 313) Meanwhile, to compare scientifically, the overweight notion is a condition of increased body weight in relation to height and is determined by a certain standard of acceptable weight; on the other hand, the concept of obesity is the accumulation of excess fat for one’s age and body type.

Analysis of Plato's Views of Justice and Poetry Essay

Analysis of Plato's Views of Justice and Poetry - Essay Example However, given Plato’s perception of justice, this appears to be an implausible argument within the point of view of The Republic. Certainly, Plato’s further analysis of the poets in Book Ten is appealing and commonly believed to be his ultimate conclusion on the issue; however, Socrates’s argument, which is found in Book Three, makes the argument of Plato quite unappealing to readers, which are placed in a shaky position that invites one to regard justice and poetry together, specifically, as being interdependent. Hence, this paper examines both these arguments. This paper attempts to demonstrate that the issues of justice and poetry, which are widely viewed to be independent themes in The Republic, are not merely interconnected essentially but vital to one another in the theoretical or philosophical mechanism of comprehending them. The connection between justice and poetry involves the following premises: as Plato rejects the legally oriented conceptualizations of justice, in which interactions and relations between citizens are characterized by definite approaches to acting, he likewise denounces an accurate, or legally oriented, knowledge of poetic symbols. However, this has a direct relationship as well: the legalistic fallacies of justice and poetry uncover their cure at the hermeneutical stage. ... In contrast, legalistic refers to the similarly improper, or truthful, understanding of the figurative and metaphorical components of poetry, specifically, what Socrates calls symbolic sense. Thus, if this feature of poetry is misinterpreted or overlooked, it must look like that poets tell lies and hence incorrectly depict reality. Hence, it is not quite appealing to use the prohibition of the poets as a contemplative affair that becomes vital to the examination of the nature of justice. Specifically, as Plato determines the way in which an individual should identify with poetry, this consequently indicates how the nature of justice is to be interpreted. In other words, this paper argues that the philosophical interpretation of justice entails a ‘poeticization’, which implies that the essence of justice is a fact which can be revealed only in the identification of the philosopher in accordance to the poetic feature of existence. Hence, this paper claims that in The Repub lic, the issue of the essence of poetry provides an interpretive means through which the philosopher can be harmonized with the essence of justice. This basic relationship reconstructs the very old conflict between philosophy and poetry, envisioning their bond as dynamic and fruitful, although argumentative, opposed. The argument of Aristotle seems to be an important revision of Plato’s thoughts on the connection between ‘phronesis’ as the statesman’s wisdom, and the capacity to put this wisdom in practice. Plato hence talks about the connection between ‘phronesis’ (wisdom) and ‘techne’ (art) in his conceptualization of justice. Conclusions The absence of frankness in The

Effective Programs For Hispanic Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Effective Programs For Hispanic Students - Essay Example lthough schools cnnot chnge the socil relity, they cn crete different society within their wlls. Getting to know the students nd their fmilies s well s welcoming their lnguges nd cultures cn build coherent community where the bilingul progrm becomes n integrl prt of the school. Improvement of bilingul progrms necessittes fundmentl chnges within the whole school becuse the overll qulity of the school will ffect the bilingul progrm. For the most prt, good bilingul progrms exist within good schools. To crete sound context for bilingul lerners schools should set cler gols, crete bilingul biculturl society, integrte the bilingul progrm into the school community, know the bilingul students, provide ledership nd support for the bilingul progrm, set high expecttions for bilingul students, hire qulity personnel willing nd prepred to work with bilingul students, estblish productive prtnerships with prents nd communities of the bilingul students. Commitment of principls nd minstrem stff to the progrm nd the students mkes it possible for bilingul progrms to be integrted into the whole school. ll stff nd not only the bilingul stff should be responsible for the bilingul students' eduction. In turn, the bilingul stff should prticipte in generl school ctivities nd decision mking. When curriculum improvement or specil progrms re introduced, the bilingul progrm should lso be included. Regrdless of how integrtion is implemented, school mission, curriculum, nd environment must reflect the presence of students of different lnguges nd cultures. Otherwise, integrted nd two-wy progrms tht succeed in bringing both groups of students together will remin isolted within the school. In order to mnge the sitution when the school district oppose introduction of bilingul eduction, necessry strtegies should be pplied. First of ll, it is importnt to mke bilingul students need to feel tht their school is community tht cres for them, trets them s individuls, nd wnts them to succeed. In effective schools, dministrtors nd techers know their students nd students know ech other. Knowledge of the students nd personliztion of the teching re keys to good teching. Becuse techers relte to students both s lerners nd s children or dolescents, techers must estblish how they will ddress these two types of reltionships, wht they need to know bout their students, nd how they will cquire this knowledge. The techer--lerner reltionship implies involvement between techers nd students round subject mtter, wheres dult--child or dult--dolescent reltionships re more personl nd intimte. Focusing on both types of reltionships bridges the gp between school nd the world outside it, gp tht is especilly importnt for mny bilingul students whose world differs gretly from school. Techers working with young students hve succeeded in combining both types of reltionships in the context of the clssroom. For exmple, Czden, Crrsco, Mldondo-Guzmn, nd Erickson ( 1980) observed Mexicn mericn techer working with first-grde Spnish spekers. Every morning s they st in circle, she collected homework nd ddressed the children with endering terms, sking questions bout them nd their fmilies. In successful high schools these reltionships hve been somewht seprte with the

World War One To An Armistice In 1918 History Essay

World War One To An Armistice In 1918 History Essay The failure of the spring offensive in 1918 indicated that Germanys military defeat was imminent. The collapse of Bulgaria and the desperate situation on the Western Front, which was only made worse by the intervention of the American troops, made the Germans take further steps. The German military leaders feared an absolute collapse of the front and that the enemies could make their way farther and could thus claim and take over German territory. In August 1918 the Allies fought the Germans back from their fronts and Ludendorff, a German general, had to inform the Kaiser: We have nearly reached the limit of our powers of resistance. The war must be ended. In September 1918 the German government began negotiations on an armistice with the American President Woodrow Wilson whose 14-points they expected to bring about a peace treaty without too much loss. At the end of September 1918 Bulgaria made peace and one month later Turkey was defeated. Austria was defeated by the Italians at Vittorio Veneto and signed an armistice with the Allies. Germany was now fighting the Allies alone. They had no other choice than to sign an armistice with the Entente in Compià ©gne, France on November 11. This treaty marked the end of World War One. Exhaustion at the front But where did the exhaustion at the front and the necessity of an armistice come from? The first and major reason is that the conditions the soldiers at the fronts had to live with were disastrous. They led to exhaustion and war weariness. When the war began many young men rushed to join the armies to proudly fight for their fatherlands. The British government asked for 100,000 volunteers but after just one month they already had 750,000. However, the peoples enthusiasm did not last. Everyone had believed the war would be over by Christmas 1914; nobody had expected they would continue fighting for four more years.  War-weariness set in. People, both at the so called home front and soldiers fighting at the actual front, were tired of war and disappointed that in spite of the large loss all the armies had suffered, and the fact that not any progress had been made, there was still no end in sight. Soldiers young men of 20 years only had seen their comrades wounded and die one after the other. Either killed by the enemies bullets or bombs or slowly dying of influenza or other disease, caused by the miserable conditions in the trenches. These brave men were fighting in a futile battle, between the dead bodies of their friends, suffering from extreme temperatures and hunger. As a result of the Allied blockade beginning in 1914 German soldiers were exceedingly poorly fed. The allied navies prevented ships sailing directly to Germany providing it with anything that could be used for making war (including food) in order to starve the Germans until they give up and surrender. The Allies also had an overwhelming superiority in artillery, tanks and mechanised transport and their equipment was greatly superior. The Germans had to rely on their superior skill, but they didnt have a top-down command structure like the British or the French. It is said that the Germans were tactically unsurpassed, but operationally deficient and strategically inept. So it was not military prowess that led to the Armistice. A part of the German military leaders didnt want to admit their failure in the battlefield. They claimed that the German army had actually been undefeated and their failure was only due to unpatriotic civilians and treacherous politicians at the home front stabbing their own forces in the back. This untrue theory was called stab-in-the-back-theory (German: Dolchstoßlegende). Exhaustion at the home front But it was not that people at the home front were being unpatriotic that led to the German defeat. Of course many people had lost their belief in their fatherland, but in fact it was the same exhaustion and war weariness as in the battlefield that forced the German leaders to start negotiating about an armistice. Generally the word home front indicates the inclusion of the civil population into warfare, even if the actual front is outside of the populations lebensraum. And indeed, they were involved and suffering from the effects of the war. The biggest problem at the home front was the acute food shortage bare hunger. The civilian population of Germany was suffering. Although the German U-Boat campaign had led to food shortages in Britain the Allied naval blockade that prevented supplies from getting into German ports hit Germany harder. Even worse was that the shortage of food during the war had led to an inflation, a rise in the general level of prices of goods. So those little supplies of food that were available was often not affordable for the common family. Even fuel was short supply and limited. Furthermore the influenza epidemic of 1918 and 1919 killed between 20 and 40 million people in Europe. The so called Spanish Flu also hit German cities and claimed many lives amongst the people, who already suffered from and were weakened by the lack of food. In November 1918 the population was not willing to accept this situation anymore. Strikes and demonstrations paralysed Berlin. Workers went on strike, soldiers refused orders, and the German navy mutinied. The strike and protest spread all over the country. Within a week, there was no more German city that was not involved into the demonstrations, protests and strike developed into a revolution. On 9 November 1918 Germany was declared a democratic republic, which was followed by the formal abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II. On 11 November the Armistice of Compià ¨gne was signed by Center Party deputy Matthias Erzberger. World War I was officially over. Conclusion Exhaustion on the front and on the home front, not military prowess, brought World War I to an Armistice in 1918. The major reasons for the exhaustion were the large losses that the countries had suffered without making any progress. Bad conditions in the battlefield such as hunger and disease caused war weariness. Hunger and very bad living conditions caused exhaustion and war weariness on the home front. The German people was not willing to take this anymore and started a revolution in November. Germany became a republic and finally signed the Armistice of Compià ¨gne on November 11. The Great War was over! An essay by Katharina Voß The information was found at the following pages: http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/history/1890_1920/end_of_great_war_rev1.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/german_experience_01.shtml#three http://www.firstworldwar.com/diaries/braveryinthefield.htm http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/home_front_1914_to_1918.htm http://de.internationalism.org/Welt150_nov1918

Rosalind Franklin Essay -- Biography Chemists Essays

Rosalind Franklin As hard as is it is today for women to succeed in the sciences, one must give kudos to those that came before us. These are the women that paved the way for today's generation of women scientists. One such woman is Rosalind Elsie Franklin, a chemist who had a great impact on the modern day field of genetics. Rosalind was the second of five children. She was born on July 25, 1920 in London. The Franklin's were an upper-class family who lived a life of luxury. Rosalind never even had to go to school - she would have been provided for from her family's wealth. As a child, she never felt like she was understood. She hated pretend games and did not play with dolls. Rosalind had to find the facts behind everything before she became a believer (McGrayne, 1993). Rosalind attended St. Paul's Girls' School in London. Here she had excellent training in science classes. It was here that she decided her career path. She applied to Cambridge University and passed the entrance exams. However, she almost didn't make it. Rosalind's father did not think that women should attend university and refused to pay for her education. Luckily, Rosalind's mother and an aunt became irate and said they would pay. Of course, Rosalind's father recanted in the effort not to be embarrassed by women paying for the education (McGrayne, 1993). The experience at Cambridge was not the best for Rosalind. There was a stuffy atmosphere for the women studying there. She vowed never to become like the women faculty members there. She graduated in 1941 with a degree in Chemistry (World Book, 2001). She then took a job with Nobel chemist, Ronald Norrish (McGrayne, 1993). From here she took a job with the British Coal Utilization Research As... ...tealing Rosalind's data, but this is close to recognition as she ever comes (McGrayne, 1993). So, while this woman has never been in the limelight, she pioneered molecular genetics as it is today. Without her stubborn need for the facts, the human genome would still be an enigma to us today. She is truly a role model for all women today. Works Cited Access Excellence. 1999. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/BC/Rosalind_Franklin.html Bernstein, Jeremy. Experiencing Science. New York. Basic Books, Inc., Publishers. 1978. 143-163. McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch. Nobel Prize Women in Science. New York. Birch Lane Press. 1993. 304-332. North, Anthony. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The University of Leeds. http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/BBS/whatis/cryst_an.html. World Book. 2001. http://www.worldbook.com/fun/wscimed/html/chemists.html. Rosalind Franklin Essay -- Biography Chemists Essays Rosalind Franklin As hard as is it is today for women to succeed in the sciences, one must give kudos to those that came before us. These are the women that paved the way for today's generation of women scientists. One such woman is Rosalind Elsie Franklin, a chemist who had a great impact on the modern day field of genetics. Rosalind was the second of five children. She was born on July 25, 1920 in London. The Franklin's were an upper-class family who lived a life of luxury. Rosalind never even had to go to school - she would have been provided for from her family's wealth. As a child, she never felt like she was understood. She hated pretend games and did not play with dolls. Rosalind had to find the facts behind everything before she became a believer (McGrayne, 1993). Rosalind attended St. Paul's Girls' School in London. Here she had excellent training in science classes. It was here that she decided her career path. She applied to Cambridge University and passed the entrance exams. However, she almost didn't make it. Rosalind's father did not think that women should attend university and refused to pay for her education. Luckily, Rosalind's mother and an aunt became irate and said they would pay. Of course, Rosalind's father recanted in the effort not to be embarrassed by women paying for the education (McGrayne, 1993). The experience at Cambridge was not the best for Rosalind. There was a stuffy atmosphere for the women studying there. She vowed never to become like the women faculty members there. She graduated in 1941 with a degree in Chemistry (World Book, 2001). She then took a job with Nobel chemist, Ronald Norrish (McGrayne, 1993). From here she took a job with the British Coal Utilization Research As... ...tealing Rosalind's data, but this is close to recognition as she ever comes (McGrayne, 1993). So, while this woman has never been in the limelight, she pioneered molecular genetics as it is today. Without her stubborn need for the facts, the human genome would still be an enigma to us today. She is truly a role model for all women today. Works Cited Access Excellence. 1999. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/BC/Rosalind_Franklin.html Bernstein, Jeremy. Experiencing Science. New York. Basic Books, Inc., Publishers. 1978. 143-163. McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch. Nobel Prize Women in Science. New York. Birch Lane Press. 1993. 304-332. North, Anthony. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The University of Leeds. http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/BBS/whatis/cryst_an.html. World Book. 2001. http://www.worldbook.com/fun/wscimed/html/chemists.html.

Ap Nsl Essay

What are the difficulties in using the â€Å"wall of separation† principle? 5. List and explain the circumstances when the Supreme Court has ruled that freedom of speech may be limited. 6. Define the â€Å"clear-and-present-danger test,† libel, preferred position, prior restraint, imminent danger, and symbolic speech. You may just want to put these straight onto your flashcards 7. Summarize the Supreme Court’s changing interpretations of how to protect both the due process rights of accused criminals and to preserve the safety of the community. Define the exclusionary rule and the â€Å"good faith exception. †. Chapter 19 Reading Outline 1. What does the book say is the pertinent question regarding civil rights? 2. What were the strategies that black leaders followed in order to obtain civil rights? Once basic rights such as voting and integration had been obtained, what issues did civil rights leaders focus on? 3. Briefly outline the steps in the NAACP’s strategy in the fight against segregated schools and indicate the success they had in the courts and in implementing desegregation. . What was the issue concerning desegregation vs. integration? How has this issue been resolved? 5. What were the four developments that made it possible to pass civil rights bills? 6. What accounts for the change in attitude in Congress towards civil rights issues from the 1960s to the present?   How has the Supreme Court changed in its attitudes towards equal rights for women from the early 20th century to today? 8. What are the two standards the Court uses today to in considering sex discrimination cases? What is the debate between those who support â€Å"equality of result† and those who support â€Å"equality of opportunity†? 9. What are the criteria that the Supreme Court has adapted in defining strict scrutiny of any law involving racial preferences? 10. Briefly summarize the highlights of the government’s response to abortion. How did activists for the disabled manage to get The Americans with Disabilities Act passed? 12. Briefly summarize what is included in the law and the objections that some have had to the law.

Facebook Puts Other Companies Underneath Its Wings

IntroductionFacebook is considered these days as a leader for the social networking websites, Facebook is such a great success story which officially came out in 2004 created by Mark Zuckerberg and his classmates at Harvard University. On October 28, 2003, when they were in the second year, Zuckerberg and his team started the idea by launching a website called â€Å"Facemashâ€Å", after that, for many reasons the website was shut down by the school. On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg started again with his team a new website called â€Å"Thefacebook†, they worked hard to develop the website and they divided the tasks professionally; Eduardo Saverin is responsible for the business side, Dustin Moskovitz for programming issues, Andrew McCollum for the graphic design, and Chris Hughes. Facebook has been written and developed using C++ and PHP language.They worked together such as a great talent team until the website was expanded to many schools (Who Invented Facebook, ND). In my point of view, Facebook made a difference in the social media world by making the website so attractive to the users, right now Facebook has over than one billion active users, in addition, Facebook has a second global rank and a second US rank according to the Alexa traffic rank, and the visitors of the site are viewed as an average of 18.1 pages per day (Facebook Rank, ND). So we are going in this paper to discuss all aspects and terms of my thesis statement and verify it as well. Moreover, we are going to review one of the strategy that Facebook has and do SWOT analysis as well. My thesis statement summarized as the following â€Å"Facebook puts other companies underneath its wings by imposing Ads network strategies, marketing strategies and as well as social media strategies†.The Five Porters ForcesRisk of entry by potential competitors: The barriers of entry to other  competitors of Facebook is very high, since Facebook has the criteria of the users satisfaction which makes the users more loyal to Facebook, for instance, I would say Google is a potential competitor to Facebook, hence, the risk of entry is low. Intensity of rivalry among established firms: Twitter is one of the most competitors to Facebook, since Twitter has Five Hundred million users on its social network as well as has the tenth rank on Alexa traffic rank; furthermore, Facebook and Twitter are fighting to make the users more attractive by coming up with new ideas in the network social networks to make it more easier to the end users.Bargaining power of buyers: Since Facebook offers social networking services to the end users, Facebook does know the importance of the user’s power to make them successful by offering unique and flexible tools for the social networking, moreover, Facebook team should take into considerations the feedbacks and reviews of the end users. Bargaining power of suppliers: In Facebook case, there’s no specific supplier because they are offeri ng online services, they could be the suppliers themselves, and we would consider the government is a supplier for Facebook; since the government monitor and control the social networks. Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitutes for Facebook is represented by any social networking website like Twitter or Myspace which they are really rivals, so Facebook team should update the website from time to time to make the users satisfied and to face the user’s daily demands on the social network.Facebook SWOT AnalysisStrengths: Facebook has the second rank at Alexa as a global rank and second rank in the US (Facebook Rank,ND). In addition, Facebook now has over than one billion active users; Facebook has announced its revenue by gaining more than $150 million from the mobile advertising (Turcan, 2012). Furthermore, Facebook supports more than 70 languages for the users across the world which makes Facebook attractive for many users their mother language is not English. Now Face book has a popular brand name and it has been used as a reference in many movies or even in the business cards (FACEBOOK SWOT, ND). Weaknesses: There are many faked accounts and duplicated accounts that cannot be identified easily. Also, people say Facebook is secretly gathering information about them which may leave an impression to remove their accounts.Moreover, Facebook posted a loss in last two quarters which will  impact its stocks (Turcan, 2012). Opportunities: Researchers can take advantage of using Facebook by gathering data for surveys purposes. Moreover, Ads prices are still going up as Facebook recently announced which will have the investors buy new stocks. Also, Facebook can be used as a market place; people can sell and buy items through Facebook (FACEBOOK SWOT, ND). Threats: China government doesn't allow Facebook to operate out there in China; since china has a huge population. In addition, it is probably that users may switch to any other services like Google+ (F acebook Investment, 2012). Also, Twitter has a strong competition with Facebook in the market place and they are making unique features Faecbook doesn’t. Furthermore, there are many viruses have attacked Facbook as we have heard recently from news, and it might be a threat of ongoing hacking in the future. Facebook Marketing StrategyMarketing strategy is one of the interesting strategies that Facebook has; Facebook demonstrates its strategy by defining the target audience which means Facebook has grouping packages for all accounts by age, gender, profession and location which help the other companies to post their Ads on Facebook for specific class of people and as well as specific region, furthermore, Facebook helps other corporations to increase the traffic on their websites by creating an official page contains their official website link and contact information which truly helps the corporations to share their information, run certain events, post any kind of advertisemen ts and get more likes.I would say the more likes you get, the more success you are. In another hand, the non-profit organizations can take the advantage by creating a page on Facebook to get donations and find volunteers across all the world, moreover, Facebook provides the page owners with all kind of statistics tools and reports, those kind of reports are weekly and daily updated and included with the post quality, how many likes, page views and photo views.ConclusionIn my point of view, the marketing strategy makes Facebook an attractive destination for all kind of businesses to post Ads, upload photos, create events and communicate with people which leads rapidly to grow revenue of  Facebook. In my opinion, Facebook developers should work on the privacy settings to make sure that the users will stick with them for a long period of time. Moreover, the developer team should do something to prevent the existence of the duplicated accounts and the faked accounts by monitoring the IP addresses of the user’s computer. Finally, Facebook is still in the fore beating up Twitter, My Space and other social networking websites, as I mentioned before, Facebook has been a leader for the other online social networking services, I would say Facebook made a difference in the information revolution these days and created a competitive environment in the market place. Facebook Puts Other Companies Underneath Its Wings IntroductionFacebook is considered these days as a leader for the social networking websites, Facebook is such a great success story which officially came out in 2004 created by Mark Zuckerberg and his classmates at Harvard University. On October 28, 2003, when they were in the second year, Zuckerberg and his team started the idea by launching a website called â€Å"Facemashâ€Å", after that, for many reasons the website was shut down by the school.On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg started again with his team a new website called â€Å"Thefacebook†, they worked hard to develop the website and they divided the tasks professionally; Eduardo Saverin is responsible for the business side, Dustin Moskovitz for programming issues, Andrew McCollum for the graphic design, and Chris Hughes. Facebook has been written and developed using C++ and PHP language. They worked together such as a great talent team until the website was expanded to many schools (Who Invented Facebook, ND).In my point of view, Facebook made a difference in the social media world by making the website so attractive to the users, right now Facebook has over than one billion active users, in addition, Facebook has a second global rank and a second US rank according to the Alexa traffic rank, and the visitors of the site are viewed as an average of 18. 1 pages per day (Facebook Rank, ND). So we are going in this paper to discuss all aspects and terms of my thesis statement and verify it as well. Moreover, we are going to review one of the strategy that Facebook has and do SWOT analysis as well.My thesis statement summarized as the following â€Å"Facebook puts other companies underneath its wings by imposing Ads network strategies, marketing strategies and as well as social media strategies†. The Five Porters Forces Risk of entry by potential competitors: The barriers of entry to other competitors of Facebook is very high, since Facebook has the criteria of the users satisfaction which m akes the users more loyal to Facebook, for instance, I would say Google is a potential competitor to Facebook, hence, the risk of entry is low.Intensity of rivalry among established firms: Twitter is one of the most competitors to Facebook, since Twitter has Five Hundred million users on its social network as well as has the tenth rank on Alexa traffic rank; furthermore, Facebook and Twitter are fighting to make the users more attractive by coming up with new ideas in the network social networks to make it more easier to the end users.Bargaining power of buyers: Since Facebook offers social networking services to the end users, Facebook does know the importance of the user’s power to make them successful by offering unique and flexible tools for the social networking, moreover, Facebook team should take into considerations the feedbacks and reviews of the end users. Bargaining power of suppliers: In Facebook case, there’s no specific supplier because they are offering online services, they could be the suppliers themselves, and we would consider the government is a supplier for Facebook; since the government monitor and control the social networks.Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitutes for Facebook is represented by any social networking website like Twitter or Myspace which they are really rivals, so Facebook team should update the website from time to time to make the users satisfied and to face the user’s daily demands on the social network. Facebook SWOT Analysis Strengths: Facebook has the second rank at Alexa as a global rank and second rank in the US (Facebook Rank,ND).In addition, Facebook now has over than one billion active users; Facebook has announced its revenue by gaining more than $150 million from the mobile advertising (Turcan, 2012). Furthermore, Facebook supports more than 70 languages for the users across the world which makes Facebook attractive for many users their mother language is not English. Now Faceboo k has a popular brand name and it has been used as a reference in many movies or even in the business cards (FACEBOOK SWOT, ND). Weaknesses: There are many faked accounts and duplicated accounts that cannot be identified easily.Also, people say Facebook is secretly gathering information about them which may leave an impression to remove their accounts. Moreover, Facebook posted a loss in last two quarters which will impact its stocks (Turcan, 2012). Opportunities: Researchers can take advantage of using Facebook by gathering data for surveys purposes. Moreover, Ads prices are still going up as Facebook recently announced which will have the investors buy new stocks. Also, Facebook can be used as a market place; people can sell and buy items through Facebook (FACEBOOK SWOT, ND).Threats: China government doesn't allow Facebook to operate out there in China; since china has a huge population. In addition, it is probably that users may switch to any other services like Google+ (Facebook Investment, 2012). Also, Twitter has a strong competition with Facebook in the market place and they are making unique features Faecbook doesn’t. Furthermore, there are many viruses have attacked Facbook as we have heard recently from news, and it might be a threat of ongoing hacking in the future. Facebook Marketing StrategyMarketing strategy is one of the interesting strategies that Facebook has; Facebook demonstrates its strategy by defining the target audience which means Facebook has grouping packages for all accounts by age, gender, profession and location which help the other companies to post their Ads on Facebook for specific class of people and as well as specific region, furthermore, Facebook helps other corporations to increase the traffic on their websites by creating an official page contains their official website link and contact information which truly helps the corporations to share their information, run certain events, post any kind of advertisements and get more likes.I would say the more likes you get, the more success you are. In another hand, the non-profit organizations can take the advantage by creating a page on Facebook to get donations and find volunteers across all the world, moreover, Facebook provides the page owners with all kind of statistics tools and reports, those kind of reports are weekly and daily updated and included with the post quality, how many likes, page views and photo views. Conclusion In my point of view, the marketing strategy makes Facebook an attractive destination for all kind of businesses to post Ads, upload photos, create events and communicate with people which leads rapidly to grow revenue of Facebook.In my opinion, Facebook developers should work on the privacy settings to make sure that the users will stick with them for a long period of time. Moreover, the developer team should do something to prevent the existence of the duplicated accounts and the faked accounts by monitoring the IP addres ses of the user’s computer. Finally, Facebook is still in the fore beating up Twitter, My Space and other social networking websites, as I mentioned before, Facebook has been a leader for the other online social networking services, I would say Facebook made a difference in the information revolution these days and created a competitive environment in the market place.

How to Write a Graduate School Acceptance Letter

How to Write a Graduate School Acceptance Letter Youve  applied to graduate schools, and lo and behold, youve been accepted to the program of your dreams. You may think youre all set and you need only  pack your  bags, book a flight or load your car, and head out to grad school. But, you need to take one more step to ensure your position at the school will be open and ready for you when you arrive: Youll need to write an acceptance letter. Admissions officers have to be sure that you are ready to attend; otherwise, they will likely give your spot to another candidate. Before Writing Your Letter or Email Your graduate school applications were just the first step. Maybe you received  several  offers of admission, maybe not. Either way, remember to share the good news with friends and family first. Dont forget to thank your mentors and people who wrote  recommendation letters on your behalf. You want to maintain your educational and professional contacts as your academic career progresses. Writing Your Reply Most grad programs notify applicants of their acceptance- or rejection- by email or phone, although a few still send formal letters by mail. Regardless of how youre notified, dont immediately say yes. This is especially important if the good news comes in a phone call. Thank the caller, likely a professor, and explain that you will reply soon. Dont worry: You wont suddenly have your acceptance revoked if you briefly delay. Most programs give accepted students a window of a few days- or even up to a week or two- to decide. Once youve had a chance to digest the good news and consider your options, its time to write your graduate school acceptance letter. You can respond via a letter that you send through the mail or you can reply by email. In either case, your response should be short, respectful, and clearly indicate your decision. Sample Acceptance Letter or Email Feel free to use the sample letter or email below. Simply replace the name of the professor, admissions officer, or admissions committee of the school as appropriate: Dear Dr. Smith (or Admissions Committee): I am writing to accept your offer to enroll in the X program at [graduate university]. Thank you, and I appreciate your time and consideration during the admissions process. I look forward to attending your program this fall and am excited by the opportunities that await. Sincerely, Rebecca R. Student Though your correspondence seemingly states the obvious, it is very important that you make it clear that you intend to enroll in the graduate program. And, being polite- such as saying thank you- is always important in any official correspondence. Before You Send the Letter or Email As you would with any important correspondence, take the time to reread your letter or email before you send it. Ensure that it doesnt have any misspellings or grammatical errors. Once youre satisfied with your acceptance letter, send it. If youve been accepted into more than one grad program, youve still got some homework to do. Youll need to write a letter declining an offer of admissions  to each of the programs you rejected. As with your acceptance letter, make it short, direct, and respectful.

Respons essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Respons - Essay Example This is used several parts of the film and this is especially those where the young girl is talking. This shows that she has stopped practicing the traditions of the community and has actually developed to know foreign languages. With relation to Arabic speaking, this is where the parents of the girl are talking. This is also another genre found when Asfour talks and this is critical for it shows Aleya’s parents that the he has morals and respect for traditions. The film reflects European influences in many different ways. One of the ways it accomplishes this and through the vastness manner is through ensuring that they show the authority of the parents. The parents of the girl are very deeply interested in their class that they do not adhere to the importance of the kid’s desires. This is common in many European countries where they get to decide the person their daughter marries. One of the main cultures that is witnessed in the film is regarding their appearance. Many Arabs have recognition for having a lot of wealth. Most of the wealth in these families is inherited through time to the respective heirs. The inheritance case is the same witnessed here where the father of Aleya does not wish to allow the daughter to marry a person who is not of their caliber. The film offers a lot of credible and informative material regarding the issue of Arabs and the social classes that they have. In the community, respect comes from the amount of wealth that a family has. In the film, the father did not approve of the marriage as associating with a lesser class would have him lose respect. It is critical to note that high class is treated specially in this community. There are some symbols used in the film. An example of the symbols used in the film is the large mat set to the side of the palace where Aleya’s family lives. This is the greatest symbol to note in the film. The symbol represents the religious aspect of the community where despite the judgmental

Describe how your nursing practice paralleled the code of ethics Essay

Describe how your nursing practice paralleled the code of ethics - Essay Example Nurses and the people Nurses and the people is one of the major elements that outline the basis of emulating high level of ethics in the provision of care. During the provision of care, nurses should respect the values, family customs, and spiritual beliefs of the people requiring care (Scanlon, 2000). In addition, it is imperative for nurses to provide adequate information regarding the kind of illnesses to the individual in need of care. In order to be compatible with the ethics issues relating to nurses and people, I learn the aspects of human rights, justice and equity. In addition, issues regarding confidentiality and privacy were also covered in the nursing courses in order to have the required skills on dealing with patient’s personal information. Nurses and practice In order to be competent, accountable and responsible in their practice, nurses should undertake continual learning. In this way, nurse ability to provide proper care is not compromised. In order to avoid n egative repercussions during delegating of their duties, it is important for nurses to use proper judgment concerning the level of competency of the individuals. One of the major learning aspects I covered in my nursing practice was the research that depicted the relationship between continual learning and competency for workers. This was also strengthened by the research-based studies that covered the importance of personal health and safe working conditions. It is also necessary for nurses to emulate the emerging technology in order to ensure their services are streamlined. The use of computerized system in the nursing practice was another major initiative that I covered in order to be aware of how to tackle emerging challenges that need for specialized attendance of patients. Nurses and the profession One of the ethical aspects in the nursing practice is to implement legal standards during their duties. In order to improve their services, nurses should be engaged in developing an d proper implementation of research-based knowledge. This means that nurses should register with professional bodies where they gain effective skills on how to maintain safety in their working environment as well as equitable economic and social conditions in the nursing professional (Scanlon, 2000). Some of the major aspects that relate to the nursing and the profession I covered include how to set nursing standards as well as the role of the professional bodies in the nursing practice. In the same way, the skills I gained in regard to the need for proper management in the nursing practice, are vital in maintaining the accountability and proper use of nursing resources as required by the nursing ethics, Nurses and fellow workers One of the major aspects that portray professionalism in the nursing practice is to maintain a positive relationship among the nurses. It is vital to note that due to the sensitivity of their duties, nurses should have the necessary skills to attend a patie nt in case a co-worker fails or is not available (ICN Code of Ethics For Nurses). In order to ensure there is a sustainable relationship between the nurse and the coworkers, it is fundamental to create strong teams. This means that nurses should be knowledgeable of how to form and motivate teams, major aspects that I covered in the nursing courses. Other areas that I covered that depicts parallel of my nursing with